MINERAL CONTENT PROFILE OF CARAPACE FLOUR, CHITIN, AND CHITOSAN SLIPPER LOBSTER (Thenus orientalis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.7.2.192-199Keywords:
Minerals, Chitin, Chitosan, Slipper lobsterAbstract
Slipper lobster live on the bottom of sandy and muddy waters at a depth of 10-200 m and are found throughout Indonesian waters. The carapace is the most significant part of its body, of which approximately 50% is a source of waste, but it can be utilized as functional food in the form of chitin and chitosan. One of the determinations of chitin and chitosan quality depends on the demineralization process. The potential of this shrimp has not been fully utilized due to the lack of information on mineral content after the demineralization process. This study aims to obtain information on flour, chitin, and chitosan mineral content. This research used a descriptive method. The parameters observed were yield, water, ash, and mineral content (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, and P). The results showed that slipper lobster weighed about 80-240 g with a length of 15-25 cm with the yield and mineral content of flour, chitin and chitosan of slipper lobster carapace as follows: yield 29.04%, 41.02%, 33.42%, water 2.36%, 3.96%, 3.25%, ash 52.89%, 8.27%, 3.16%, potassium 55.73 mg/L, 9.09 mg/L, 4.55 mg/L, magnesium 37.23 mg/L, 5.59 mg/L, 5.95 mg/L, calcium 766.87 mg/L, 137.62 mg/L, 126.91 mg/L, sodium 146.62 mg/L, 17.82 mg/L, 10.73 mg/L, iron 12.82 mg/L, 1.89 mg/L, 1.72 mg/L, phosphorus 0.17 mg/L, 0.06 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L.
Downloads
References
1. Tirtadanu, T., Kembaren, D.D., Suprapto, S. Stock Density and Biological Aspects of Sand Lobsters (Thenus orientalis) in the Java Sea. Bawal Widya Capture Fisheries Research, 2017; 8(3): 131-136.
2. Wiadnyana, W., Wijopriono, N.N., Dharmadi, D., Suman, A. Implementation of Area Closure and Catch Season for Shrimp Fisheries Management in the Arafura Sea. Journal of Indonesian Fisheries Policy, 2019; 11(1):11-21.
3. Holthuis, H. Lobsters of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Species of Interest to Fisheries Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis (Species Catalogue). 125 (13): Rome, 1991.
4. Djuwariah, D. Getting to Know Shrimp Habitat. Oceanographic Journal, 2005.
5. Damora, A., Yusli, W., Luky, A. Catch per Effort and Population Parameters of Sand Lobster (Panulirus homarus) in Gunung Kidul Waters. Journal of Marine Fisheries, 2018; (9)1: 11-23.
6. Mohan, K., Muralisankar, T., Jayakumar, R., Rajeevgandhi, C.A Study on Structural Comparisons of a-chitin Extracted from Marine Crustacean Shell Waste. Journal of Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, 2021; 2: 1-10.
7. Wang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Jiang, Q. Chitosan from Crab Shell Waste: A Review on its Preparation, Characterization, and Applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021; 166: 195-209.
8. Silva, T.H., Alves, A., Ferreira, B.M., Oliveira, J.M., Reys, L.L., Ferreira, R.J.F., Sousa, R.A., Silva, S.S., Mano, J.F., Reis, R.L. Materials of Marine Origin: A Review on Polymers and Ceramics of Biomedical Interest. International Materials Review, 2012; 1-32
9. Venugopal, V. Marine Products for Healthcare: Seafood Processing Wastes: Chitin, Chitosan, and Other Compounds. New York: CRC Press, 2009.
10. El-Faer, M.Z., Rawdah, T.N., Attar, K.M., Arab, M. Mineral and Proximate Composition of Some Commercially Important Fish of the Arabian Gulf. Food Chemistry, 1992; 45(2): 95-98
11. Sagheer, F.A.A., Al-Sughayer, M.A., Muslim, S., Elsabee, M.Z. Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Marine Sources in Arabian Gulf. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009; 77 (2): 410–419.
12. Tobing, M.T.L., Nor, B.A.P., Khabibi, K. Improvement of Deacetylation Degree of Chitosan from Crab Shell with Variation of NaOH Concentration and Immersion Duration. Journal of Chemistry Science and Application under, 2011; 14 (3): 83-88.
13. [AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edition. Gaithersburg: AOAC International, 2007.
14. Suptijah, P. Quality Level of Chitosan from Modified Production Process. Bulletin of Agricultural Product Technology IPB, 2004; (8)1
15. Karnila, R., Made, S., Sukarno, S., Tutik, W. Analysis of Nutritional Content of Fresh Sand Sea Cucumber Meat and Flour. Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, 2011; 39 (2): 51-52.
16. Zhang, X., Yin, L., Fan, H., Chen, X., Wang, W. Recent Advances in Application of Chitosan as an Edible Coating for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Food Research International, 2021; 140, 110047.
17. [SNI] Indonesian National Standardization. Quality Requirements for Chitin and Chitosan (SNI 7949: 2013 and SNI 7948: 2013). Standardization Agency, 2013; 14 pp.
18. Karnila, R. Hypoglycemic Power of Hydrolysate, Concentrate, and Protein Isolate of Sand Sea Cucumber (Holhuria scabra J.) in Experimental Rats. Bogor: Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University, 2012.
19. Trisnawati, W., Suter, K., Suastika, K., Putra, N.K. Effect of Drying Method on Antioxidant Content, Dietary Fiber, and Nutritional Composition of Pumpkin Flour. Journal of Food Technology Applications, 2014; 3(4): 135-140.
20. Sumarto, S. Characteristics of Sand Sea Cucumber (Holhuria scabra J.) and the Potential of Glucosamine Extract for Synovial Fluid Production in Osteoarthritis Patients. Pekanbaru: Postgraduate School, Riau University, 2020.
21. Junaidi, A.B., Aini, R. Effect of NaOH Regeneration of Chitin Deacetylation on the Degree of Chitosan Deacetylation. Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry, 2008; 2(1): 36-43
22. Ihsani, S.L., Chess, R.W. Synthesis of Chitosan-Based Biocoagulant from Shrimp Skin for the Treatment of River Water Polluted by Herb Industry Waste with High Suspended Solids Content. Journal of Renewable Natural Materials, 2015; 4(2): 66-70.
23. Cahyono, C. Characteristics of Chitosan from Tiger Shrimp Shell Waste (Panaeus monodon). Indonesian Journal of Aquatics, 2018; 3(2): 66-102
24. Syukron, F., Rahman, K., Bustari, H. Characteristics of Glucosamine Hydrochloride (HCl GlcN) from Chitin and Crab Pond Blue Chitosan (Portunus pelagicus). Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, 2016; 44(2): 22-35.
25. Ghazali, T.M. Characterization and Effectiveness of Rama-Rama Shrimp Carapace Chitosan (Thalassina anomala) as Antibacterial Compound. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences. Riau University: Pekanbaru, 2019.
26. Yuliasara, F., Mery, N.S., Meyliana, N.C., Mahmiah. Preparation of Chitin and Chitosan from Vanname Shrimp Shells. National Marine Seminar XIV, 2019; 102-108.
27. Rusmono, R., Afnidar, A., Hartinawati, H. Module on Water. Food Chemistry Book: Open University Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Marine Sources in Arabian Gulf. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019; 77 (2): 410-419.
28. Mahmoudkhani, M., Heidel, K.R., Ferreira, J.C., Keith, D.W., Cherry, R.S. Low Energy Packed Tower and Caustic Recovery for Direct Capture of CO2 from Air. Journal Energy Procedia, 2009; 1: 1535-1542.
29. Xu, Y, Dua, Y. Effect of Molecular Structure of Chitosan on Protein Delivery Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2003; 250(4): 215-226.
30. Dompeipen, E., Kaimudin, M., Dewa, R.P. Isolation of Chitin and Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste. Biam Magazine, 2016; 12(1): 32-39
31. Gaghana, N.R., Latipudin, D., Kamil, K.A. The Effect of Chitosan on Calcium (Ca) Concentration in the Kidney and Meat of Growing Quail Exposed to Plumbum (Coturnix-coturnix japonica). Padjadjaran University; 2016; 1(1): 1-10.
32. Bates, J.H. Effect of Sodium Hydroxide and Trisodium Phosphate on the Viability of Some Unclassified Mycobacteria. Health Lab Science, 1967; 4(1): 42-50.
33. Cekerevac, M., Simicic, M., Ljiljana, NB., Negica, P. The Influence of Silicate and Sulphate Anions on the Anodic Corrosion and the Transpassivity of Iron and Silicon-Rich Steel in Concentrated KOH Solution. Corrosion Science, 2012; 64: 204-212.
34. Lai, P., Wong, P.A., Lii, C.Y. Effects of Cation Properties on Sol-gel Transition and Gel Properties of k-carrageenan. Journal of Food Science, 2000; 65(8): 1332-1337.
35. Benefisco, E., Filberto, S., Hardjito, D. Effect of NaOH Activation of Fly Ash on the Compressive Strength of Very High Volume Fly Ash Mortar. Dimensi Pratama Civil Engineering, 2022; 11: 52-59
